[295] Istanbul is home to the headquarters of several Turkish stations and regional headquarters of international media outlets. The total length of Istanbul Province's toll motorways network (otoyollar) is 543km (2021) and the state highways network (devlet yollari) is 353km (2021), totaling 896km of expressway roads (minimum 2x2 lanes), excluding secondary roads and urban streets. [259], The Princes' Islands, 15 kilometers (9mi) from the city center, are also popular for their seafood restaurants. [337], DO (Istanbul Seabuses) runs a combination of all-passenger ferries and car-and-passenger ferries to ports on both sides of the Bosphorus, as far north as the Black Sea. The AKP government had supported a 'Yes' vote and won the vote nationally due to high support in rural parts of the country. [322] The O-7 motorway connects Istanbul Atatrk Airport with Istanbul Airport. The 47-hectare (120-acre) park was later owned by Khedive Ismail Pasha of Ottoman Egypt and Sudan in the 19th century. Pera (now Beyolu) was the first area of the city to have its own director and council, with members instead being longtime residents of the neighborhood. It was traditionally held at the Hezarfen Airfield in Istanbul. In July, Istanbul usually receives around the same amount of rain as Rome. Bosporus hosts pelagic, demersal and semipelagic fish species and more than 130 different taxa have been documented in the strait. For the purpose of parliamentary elections, Istanbul is divided into three electoral districts; two on the European side and one on the Asian side, electing 28, 35 and 35 MPs respectively. mirrors -- cm 147.4 cm Height 1 157.1 cm +9.7 257 [91] The city has repeatedly upgraded its building codes, most recently in 2018,[91] requiring retrofits for older buildings and higher engineering standards for new construction. [203] There are today 50,000 to 70,000 Armenians in Istanbul[204] down from a peak of 164,000 in 1913. [214][215][216], Politically, Istanbul is seen as the most important administrative region in Turkey. [153] The minarets date from that period. [196] Following Turkey's support for the Arab Spring, Istanbul emerged as a hub for dissidents from across the Arab world, including former presidential candidates from Egypt, Kuwaiti MPs, and former ministers from Jordan, Saudi Arabia (including Jamal Khashoggi), Syria, and Yemen. A married women is also registered to her husband's province. Istanbul became one of the world's most important Jewish centers in the 16th and 17th century. Chestnut, oak, elm, linden, ash and locust comprises the most prominent tree genera. All four stadiums are elite Category 4 (formerly five-star) UEFA stadiums. It The state-run Radio 3, although based in Ankara, also features English-language popular music, and English-language news programming is provided on NTV Radyo (102.8 FM). 4,5 403.5 cm Length 554.6 cm +151.1 173.4 cm Width 2 214.8 cm +41.4 198.5 cm Width incl. [341] Most visitors enter Istanbul by air, but about half a million foreign tourists enter the city by sea each year. Popular during the summer among Istanbulites is Belgrad Forest, spreading across 5,500 hectares (14,000 acres) at the northern edge of the city. Due to its initial status as Turkey's only club, Beikta occasionally represented the Ottoman Empire and Turkish Republic in international sports competitions, earning the right to place the Turkish flag inside its team logo. Web15.5M. Inalcik, Halil. The average after-tax salary is enough to cover living expenses for 0.5 months in Istanbul compared to 1 months in Konya. The Sleymaniye Mosque, built by Suleiman the Magnificent, was designed by his chief architect Mimar Sinan, the most illustrious of all Ottoman architects, who designed many of the city's renowned mosques and other types of public buildings and monuments.[155]. Byzantium (Under Athens) 478 BC404 BC The most important species belonging to maquis formation are laurel, terebinth, Cercis siliquastrum, broom, red firethorn, and oak species such as Quercus cerris and Quercus coccifera. The majority of the Catholic Levantines (Turkish: Levanten) in Istanbul and Izmir are the descendants of traders/colonists from the Italian maritime republics of the Mediterranean (especially Genoa and Venice) and France, who obtained special rights and privileges called the Capitulations from the Ottoman sultans in the 16th century. Istanbul has a borderline Mediterranean climate (Kppen Csa, Trewartha Cs), humid subtropical climate (Kppen Cfa, Trewartha Cf) and oceanic climate (Kppen Cfb, Trewartha Do) under both classifications. [191], With estimates ranging from 2 to 4 million, Kurds form one of the largest ethnic minorities in Istanbul and are the biggest group after Turks among Turkish citizens. The obelisk that would become the Obelisk of Theodosius remained in Alexandria until 390 CE, when Theodosius I (r. 379395 CE) had it transported to Constantinople and put up on the spina of the Hippodrome there. Istanbul also has an active nightlife and historic taverns, a signature characteristic of the city for centuries, if not millennia. 1C higher average maximum temperature? Hafta", "Istanbul to host 2020 Champions League final, Uefa confirms", "2008/09: Pitmen strike gold in Istanbul", "Aolu Sues Partners in Joint Project Over Ali Sami Yen Land", "Regulations of the UEFA European Football Championship 201012", "Regulations of the UEFA Europa League 2010/11", "2010 FIBA World Championship Istanbul: Arenas", "Fenerbahce Ulker's new home, Ulker Sports Arena, opens", "2020 Olympics: Six cities lodge bids for the games", "Turkey Grand Prix Heads for the Scrapyard Over $26m Price Tag", "Turkish Grand Prix 2020 (12-15 November 2020)", "2021 F1 calendar reshuffled as Turkey drops off and extra Austria race added", "Turkish Grand Prix to rejoin 2021 Formula 1 calendar", "Powerboat P1 2009 World Championship Istanbul, Turkey", "2012 Yar Program ve Genel Yar Talimat", "Young editor to take helm of Turkish-Armenian weekly", "Istanbul and the History of Water in Istanbul", "Short History of Electrical Energy in Turkey", "YILLAR TBARIYLA YAPIMI TAMAMLANMI OTOYOLLAR (2021)", "Lengths of State Highways according to surface types by Provinces (Km)(2021)", "Plan for New Bosphorus Bridge Sparks Row Over Future of Istanbul", "Istanbul's $1.3BN Eurasia Tunnel prepares to open", "Istanbul Commuters Skeptical of Transit Change", "GEBZE-HALKALI BANLY HATTI 2018 SONUNDA HZMETE GRYOR", "EBRD Supports Privatisation of Ferry Operations in Istanbul", "How Your Greek Summer Holiday Can Help Save Greece", "2012 Sees End of Line for Haydarpaa Station", "Eurolines GermanyDeutsche Touring GmbHEuropabus", "Last flight leaves Ataturk as Istanbul switches airports", "Turkish Airlines relocates to new Istanbul Airport", "Turkish Airlines is switching to a new Istanbul airport all in 45 hours", "Sabiha Gken: New Terminal Lands on Time and Budget", "Sabiha Gken Named World's Fastest Growing Airport", "Preliminary 2013 World Airport Traffic and Rankings", INVENTORY OF EXISTING SPECIES AND THEIR HABITATS IN THE BOSPHORUS AREA, "Deniz Kirliliini nlemeye likin Hedefler", "Rangers keep an eye on Istanbul's wildlife during winter", "How the street cats of Istanbul landed on their feet", "stanbul'da istilac yeil papaan uyars: Saylar 5-6 bini geti, kent faunas bozulabilir", "Understanding Vehicular Pollution AQI, Harmful Effects and How to Reduce It? [71], The Ottoman Dynasty claimed the status of caliphate in 1517, with Constantinople remaining the capital of this last caliphate for four centuries. New York City (NYC), often called simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. Istanbul straddles both Europe and Asia, with its commercial and historical centre and two-thirds of the population in Europe, the rest in Asia. [138] Moreover, large scale gentrification and urban renewal projects have been taking place,[139] such as the one in Tarlaba;[140] some of these projects, like the one in Sulukule, have faced criticism. [26] That early settlement, important in the spread of the Neolithic Revolution from the Near East to Europe, lasted for almost a millennium before being inundated by rising water levels. WebIf you live in Istanbul, then Istanbul is very expensive. WebHow does Istanbul compare to Paris? More arrivals per year shows how important the city is viewed internationally, and may indicate better infrastructure, such as airports, public transport, [174], With the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality and Istanbul Province having equivalent jurisdictions, few responsibilities remain for the provincial government. [182] 64.4% of the residents live on the European side and 35.6% on the Asian side. The O-2 continues west to Edirne and the O-4 continues east to Ankara. These costs include accommodation (assuming double occupancy, so the traveler is sharing the room), food, transportation, and entertainment. ", Kara Rapor 2020: Hava Kirlilii ve Salk Etkileri, "Major cities blighted by nitrogen dioxide pollution, research finds | Air pollution", Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 14531924, Website of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality: Interactive aerial photos from 1946, 1966, 1970, 1982, 2006, 2011 and 2013, Museum of Science and Technology in Islam, Population distribution and settlement in Turkey, Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Istanbul&oldid=1133395167, Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey, Archaeological sites in the Marmara Region, Populated places established in the 7th century BC, Wikipedia pages semi-protected from banned users, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing Turkish-language text, Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list, Pages using infobox settlement with possible area code list, Articles with Turkish-language sources (tr), Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles containing Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles lacking reliable references from December 2020, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from August 2020, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with disputed statements from July 2021, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Pages using largest cities with nav class, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 15:41. The O-2, O-3, and O-4 are part of European route E80 (the Trans-European Motorway) between Portugal and the IranTurkey border. [39] The city experienced a brief period of Persian rule at the turn of the 5th century BCE, but the Greeks recaptured it during the Greco-Persian Wars. Turkish National Movement 1923 This sudden, sharp rise in the city's population caused a large demand for housing, and many previously outlying villages and forests became engulfed into the metropolitan area of Istanbul. After its closure to commercial flights in 2019, it was briefly used by cargo aircraft and the official state aircraft owned by the Turkish government, until the demolition of its runway began in 2020. [234] The new national government established programs that served to orient Turks toward musical traditions, especially those originating in Europe, but musical institutions and visits by foreign classical artists were primarily centered in the new capital. [173] Representing the Republican People's Party, Ekrem mamolu has been the Mayor of Istanbul since 27 June 2019. [64][65], Following the conquest of Constantinople,[f] Mehmed II immediately set out to revitalize the city. [44], Constantine the Great effectively became the emperor of the whole of the Roman Empire in September 324. [208] The community had more than 15,000 members during Atatrk's presidency in the 1920s and 1930s, but today is reduced to only a few hundreds, according to Italo-Levantine writer Giovanni Scognamillo. Istanbul Province sends 98 Members of Parliament to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, which has a total of 600 seats. Wild land mammals are mainly concentrated in the northern forested areas of Istanbul. Among the oldest surviving examples of Ottoman architecture in Istanbul are the Anadoluhisar and Rumelihisar fortresses, which assisted the Ottomans during their siege of the city. [49] Constantine also undertook a major renovation and expansion of the Hippodrome of Constantinople; accommodating tens of thousands of spectators, the hippodrome became central to civic life and, in the 5th and 6th centuries, the center of episodes of unrest, including the Nika riots. [281] Istanbul Park was also a venue of the World Touring Car Championship and the European Le Mans Series in 2005 and 2006, but the track has not seen either of these competitions since then. This reflected its status as the only major city in the vicinity. [304][305] Capacity declined until the power station reached the end of its economic life and shut down in 1983. Rent is very high in Istanbul in relation to income. [233], Istanbul was historically known as a cultural hub, but its cultural scene stagnated after the Turkish Republic shifted its focus toward Ankara. The high population growth mirrors an urbanization trend across the country, as the second and third fastest-growing OECD metropolises are the Turkish cities of Izmir and Ankara. [195] Zazas are also present in the city and constitute around 1% of the total voting-age population. One of the exceptions, offering both, is Ak Radyo (94.9 FM). [176] Ali Yerlikaya has been the Governor of Istanbul Province since 26 October 2018. [349] Private bus companies still operation to this day. [372], Algal blooms and red tides were reported in Sea of Marmara and Bosporus (especially in Golden Horn), and regularly happen in urban lakes such as Lake Bykekmece and Kkekmece. But in the second half of the 20th century, the Asian side experienced major urban growth; the late development of this part of the city led to better infrastructure and tidier urban planning when compared with most other residential areas in the city. The airport covers 2,900 hectares of land and includes two runways and three terminals. [307], A nascent telephone system began to emerge in Istanbul in 1881 and after the first manual telephone exchange became operational in Istanbul in 1909, the Ministry of Post and Telegraph became the Ministry of Post, Telegraph, and Telephone. [54][55], Constantinople began to decline continuously after the end of the reign of Basil II in 1025. The Hagia Sophia, topped by a dome 31 meters (102ft) in diameter over a square space defined by four arches, is the pinnacle of Byzantine architecture. Persian Empire 512 BC478 BC [15][16], The first known name of the city is Byzantium (Greek: , Byzntion), the name given to it at its foundation by Megarian colonists around 657 BCE. The annual Istanbul Jazz Festival has been held every year since 1994. Altay, Volkan; Ouml, Brahim Lker; zyiit; Yarci, Celal (31 January 2010). Istanbul has more than fifty museums, with the Topkap Palace, the most visited museum in the city, bringing in more than $30 million in revenue each year. [290] Hrriyet, Sabah, Posta and Szc, the country's top four papers, are all headquartered in Istanbul, boasting more than 275,000 weekly sales each. [141] The Turkish government also has ambitious plans for an expansion of the city west and northwards on the European side in conjunction with the new Istanbul Airport, opened in 2019; the new parts of the city will include four different settlements with specified urban functions, housing 1.5million people. 13. [18] Modern excavations have raised the possibility that the name Byzantium might reflect the sites of native Thracian settlements that preceded the fully-fledged town. [237] When additional universities and art journals were founded in Istanbul during the 1980s, artists formerly based in Ankara moved in. [244] The Turkish film industry ramped up in the second half of the century, and with Uzak (2002) and My Father and My Son (2005), both filmed in Istanbul, the nation's movies began to see substantial international success. The 2021 F1 Turkish Grand Prix was initially cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic,[280] but on 25 June 2021, it was announced that the 2021 F1 Turkish Grand Prix will take place on 3 October 2021. Leaving aboard the British warship HMS Malaya on 17 November 1922, he went into exile and died in Sanremo, Italy, on 16 May 1926. [162] The city, considered capital of the larger Istanbul Province, is administered by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (MMI), which oversees the 39 districts of the city-province. More arrivals per year shows how important the city is viewed internationally, and may indicate better infrastructure, such as airports, public transport, [316][317][318] The density of expressway network is 16.8km/100km2. Constantinople jostled with other major historical cities, such as Baghdad, Chang'an, Kaifeng and Merv for the position of the world's largest city until the 1 [108], The highest recorded temperature at the official downtown observation station in Saryer was 41.5C (107F) and on 13 July 2000. Over the next four centuries, the Ottomans transformed Istanbul's urban landscape with a vast building scheme that included the construction of towering mosques and ornate palaces. [290] Istanbul also has long-running Armenian language newspapers, notably the dailies Marmara and Jamanak and the bilingual weekly Agos in Armenian and Turkish. From around 60 different fish species recorded in the 1970s only 20 of them still survive in the Bosporus. Contrary to popular belief, Istanbul was first founded on the Asian side, Kadky today. Is Ak Radyo ( 94.9 FM ) the O-2, O-3, and O-4 part... 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