does england subsidise scotland

Spending in London was well ahead of the UK average, at 12,847. Its target is 10,000 signatures by May 1. But they havent been updated or revised since 2013. But there are a few difficulties. It's locked in. Should Scotlands health budget be higher per head than Englands? January 9, 2023 admin. That could be done, if Scotland could raise its growth rate. Expenditure per person in Scotland was 12,800 in 2015/16, around 1,300 more than in the UK as a whole. Well, if you like numbers, it's quite interesting. The UK government would gain broad powers to impose minimum service levels on employers in six service sectors to account for circumstances in which workers exercise their right to strike, under new legislation that has been proposed. In principle, the way this works is extremely simple. You'll need to choose a username for the site, which only take a couple of moments. Youre winning the economic argument, forcing the unionist reactionaries onto the back foot at every turn. I always. Are you sure you want to delete this comment? Those who lose out most, on this calculation, are the East of England, South-West England and the East Midlands. Separately, the Office for National Statistics has produced data on surplus/deficit per person - ie the gap between what is raised in revenues and what is spent. Is there a printer-friendly version/PDF of this article? The numbers are linked to a page with more than 400 sources and links to reports we have used to source the data used in the blog they usually appear at the end of sentences but thats one is a bit awkward as its at the start of the list. Now that 2017-18 outturn data is available from HMRCs Annual Report and Accounts, the Scottish Governments income tax revenues and block grant deduction can be recalculated. Thank you for this. This is at the heart of the Scotland subsidises the rest of the UK argument. The conversation will go back to what it should be about people who care passionately about the issues, but disagree constructively on what we should do about them. Does England Subsidise Scotland? The UK Government has diverted Scotland's wealth to the UK Treasury to pay off its debts. Under current constitutional arrangements, there's no incentive to do that. It is important that we continue to promote these adverts as our local businesses need as much support as possible during these challenging times. According to the House of Commons. At the same time, Reserve Accounts at commercial banks held at the Bank of England and commercial bank deposit accounts of customers are marked up. The Government covers these . At the moment they are enjoying exceptional cross party respect throughout the whole of the U.K. The key take-away is that the money in these accounts is not taxpayers money from other parts of the UK, but rather credit that is transferred from the UK Consolidated Fund to devolved accounts - as long as parliament has authorised it. It was jointly agreed by the Scottish and UK Governments when a new fiscal framework was created alongside the Scotland Act 2016. But with those new powers, Scottish ministers should take responsibility and focus on the decisions necessary to get Scotlands economy growing faster to avoid shortfalls in tax receipts. Miriam Cates - 2023 Parliamentary Question on Empowering Local Communities. In Microsoft Edge, its not even obvious there are supposed to be pictures there. Brilliant piece of ammunition for conversations on the doors. The cost of providing public services can be higher if the population is spread more thinly, Some UK nations have a bigger public sector. The flow of credit in the UK comes from the Bank of England. Menu. 50, Claiming Scotlands Assets: A discussion paper on the division of assets and debts to an independent Scotland, Revealed: The Accounting Trick that Hides Scotlands Wealth (2020). By Scotsman Reporter 22nd Oct 2019, 8:56am The latest poll from Lord Ashcroft, the Conservative. Spending mechanisms for the Scottish Governments account is like that of other government departments, except its allocation of credit is determined by the Barnett Formula. Unframed cartoons can be purchased by visiting our website thepicturedesk.co.uk . For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. "Scotland, in essence, is a. When the UK debt repayments are removed from GERS, it shows Scotland has a surplus. . Charles I (19 November 1600 - 30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. A Gannett Company. Inadvertently, she is drawing attention to that "pooling and sharing" role of the United Kingdom, while pointing out that Scotland is far from being alone in benefiting. Hi Gordon there is some kind of formatting problem on the page. For example, the water industry is publicly owned in Scotland but not in England, Different demographics, such as an older population, may mean more demand in some nations. In south-east England, it was 2,150, and in the East of England, it was 895. Was having this discussion with a Scot and he was adamant that with the oil, Scotland paid more money to England than it received in subsidies. The Barnett formula for Scotland at its simplest. I lived in London for 4 years and the general consensus was that Scotland was heavily subsidized by the rest of the UK. Its fairly simple and the comparability factor (purple box) is, again in simple terms, the percentage amount of the budget responsibility devolved to the Scottish Parliament. According to the House of Commons. For Scotland, that figure was 2,651 - a big number, no doubt. (And all the other ones that youve published since the booklets were released?) So where would the net flow of credit come from if Scotland became an independent country? Half of Scotland's regularly funded arts . Renewable energy was positively mentioned, including the USD 4 trillion per annum investment required by 2030 to reach net zero emissions by 2050. By presenting facts and carefully positing conclusions, thereby winning over many Eurosceptics. However, the planned budget makes for a good case study. This was written for the Tax Justice Network's Tax Justice Focus but was republished on Open Democracy. The geography is important because nationalist forecasts of an independent Scotlands future wealth often depend on the idea thatwould be given a geographical share of the North Sea assets after independence. Ukrainian ministers killed in helicopter crash, Iran man who beheaded wife jailed for eight years, German police deny Greta's detainment was staged. Public spending per person is higher in Scotland than across the UK as a whole. Scotland; Social Care; Southern England; Transportation; Other Resources. The key language on accelerating efforts on coal phase down and fossil subsidy phase out are a cut and paste of commitments in the Glasgow Climate Pact. Well, given Westminster has run a policy of de-industrialisation and financialisation, causing population growth to be slower in Scotland (and indeed the other smaller home nations) then you have fewer people, lower population density and an ageing population and higher levels of poverty. Dont include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details. So that might suggest that London's spending is subsidised by the rest of the country. But that doesn't take account of taxation, where London and the south-east are big contributors. A mum-to-be trolled by strangers who claimed she "didn't care about the baby" after pole dancing during pregnancy says it helped her labour go without a hitch. It is important that we continue to promote these adverts as our local businesses need as much support as possible during these challenging times. Exchequer credits are simply a ledger balance internal to HM Government. If you are dissatisfied with the response provided you can In terms of the block grant he is probably right. News Jan 13, 2023 by Fergus Morgan. Those ads you do see are predominantly from local businesses promoting local services. A majority of English voters believe Scotland is subsidised by England, a new poll has revealed. The Scottish government's independence white paper says that, on a population share, Scotland would be entitled to 7.8 billion of the United Kingdom's 93 billion of defence assets (the . I thought both teams played well. Newsquest Media Group Ltd, Loudwater Mill, Station Road, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. The net reconciliation effect is a 204m reduction in the Scottish Governments funding for 2020-21. Again, in 2020/21, Scotland had the lowest score of the four UK nations (Northern Ireland, 7.49; England, 7.31; Wales, 7.30; Scotland, 7.27). Ian Blackford, the leader of the Scottish National Party in the House of Commons, has been making the case for Scottish independence ahead of the general election. He applied to the people who run the Petitions website for the Westminster Parliament you know, the one that promises consideration for debate in Parliament if you get 100,000 signatures mischievously asking them to host a petition calling for Independence for England so that our neighbours didnot need to keep subsidising Scotland and the rest ofthe UK. For example, the UK Government announced plans to increase spending on the NHS by an average of 3.4% in every year for the five year period starting with the 2018-19 and ending with the 2022-23 year. That's where the highest earners and biggest corporations are based. Initailly he was banking on being in the Euro and. Arguably the most misunderstood part of the UK public sector budgeting mechanism is the Barnett Formula. Tax on whisky and other taxes go to the UK Treasury but when money is spent on England-only policy areas, the Scottish government receives money back. I was thinking that an answer to youth unemployment and graduate underemployment What are the commission rates that are payable to Real Estate Agents for selling BeanSmart website is not affiliated with any of the manufacturers or service providers discussed here. This exact amount is based on the size of their population. Why does Northern Ireland spend the most? When the UK government decides to spend more or less on things such as health and education in England, the Barnett formula is used to decide how much money the other nations receive. Want to reply to this thread or ask your own question? It also claims that tax on Scottish whisky amounts to 20 billion a year. The last referendum in 2014 was marked by heated debate over the economic prospects of an independent Scotland, and Mr Blackford repeated a claim that was put forward by nationalists at the time, that Scotland has historically subsidised the rest of the UK. Scotland receives no net subsidy as oil revenues offset impact of Barnett formula. For the purposes of that scheme, weve rated this claim as false Started in December, Deborah Pollock wants to ensure England has parity with devolved nations with members of an English Parliament voting on England-only issues. Ian Blackford said Scotland has subsidised the rest of the UK in most of the last 40-year period. Does anyone know of an add-on to charge in Euros using RMS and have the Royal About 10 ago years my aunty bought her council house for about 15000. The UK exchequer provides a 10.8 billion (12.1 billion) annual subsidy to Northern Ireland and pays 8.6 billion net each year to the European Union. They examine whether the new freeports are likely to create high-value economic activities and serve as hubs from which companies can establish regional supply . HP10 9TY. The lack of directly comparable data for the most recent years is particularly important, because oil prices crashed after these experimental figures were published, weakening the fiscal position of a notional independent Scotland. We wont shy from the complex details because readers deserve the truth. These adverts enable local businesses to get in front of their target audience the local community. The UK's public spending works fairly for Scotland and allows the whole country to pool and share its resources. The Barnett formula funding is based on population size. The UK subsidised Scotland to the tune of 15 billion a year in 2015/16. Why does Northern Ireland spend the most? What have these Gers figures got to do with Joe and Joanna Public, colleagues ask me? contact the editor here. The UK Government has diverted Scotlands wealth to the UK Treasury to pay off its debts. However, most tax raised in Scotland including spirits duty does go to the UK government which, via the Treasury, decides how to spend the money. In fairness to nationalist arguments, the Ashcroft analysis did show that Scotland paid in slightly more than it took out per head, if you accepted that interest payments on UK debt should be subtracted from the accounts. Lets get that debate started! English income tax is to be paid to Scotland Credit: Photo: Alamy Income taxpayers in the rest of the UK will continue to subsidise Scotland by billions of pounds every year even after the. GARY Kelly is a well-known stalwart of the Scottish independence movement, but he is a fair-minded sort of guy who wants England to have indytoo. Full Fact fights for good, reliable information in the media, online, and in politics. Scotland at 2,713 England at 68 London was one of three regions to record a surplus, at 4,369 per person. The UK deficit is equivalent to 1.1% of its GDP. This is not true. As part of the significant spending plans, Scotland will receive an average of 41 billion per year in Barnett-based funding representing a 2.4% rise in the Scottish Government's budget each . SHARE. We have looked into this and tested it on multiple devices and it works for us. Comments have been closed on this article. Alongside this, public spending statistics published today show spending in Scotland rose to 10,881 per head in 2017/18 from 10,606 the previous year. Scotland. Councillor Jeanette Sunderland (Image: newsquest) SOME of the housing in Bradford is a "disgrace" - according to a councillor who raised concerns over the accommodation many in the District find themselves living in. Funding doesn't have to go on health just because the money went on health in England. This helps to realise all the benefits of the Union as it provides Scottish ministers with substantial powers over taxes and spending for Scotland while still being supported by the broad shoulders of the UK. Unfortunately, though, these important debates are being spoiled by a vocal minority of trolls who arent really interested in the issues, try to derail the conversations, register under fake names, and post vile abuse. Scotland receives more public spending than it raises in tax. In addition, the government is reducing spend on regional development departments. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. We want our comments to be a lively and valuable part of our community - a place where readers can debate and engage with the most important local issues. They have powers to borrow up to 1.75billion and a 700million reserve to smooth funding pressures across financial years. Scottish ministers are responsible for deciding how to respond. The Bankers' Automated Clearing System (BACS) are then contacted by the GBS to provide banking transmission services. We use some essential cookies to make this website work. Nothing about Government Expenditure and Revenue Scotland changes the amount spent on public services or the amount raised in tax. But if it does feed through, there will clearly be pressure on the finance secretary of the day to go out and spend some of it, on improving public services and investment. We have published the finance the Truth content in our boo Scotland the Brief and most Yes groups have copies. While the exact figure is not yet known, the extra spending will be on top of the public money Northern Ireland already receives. So where would the net flow of credit come from if Scotland became an independent country? Calculating the figures is a part of a new annual process called reconciliation. Developed by Untangled Web. Bearing all that in mind, the 2013 figures do show that Scotland paid more per head into the coffers of the UK government than Britain as a whole in every year from 1980/81 to 2011/12. This website and associated newspapers adhere to the Independent Press Standards Organisation's The conclusion that Scotland puts into the British GDP more than it takes out has to be presented as simply and as lucidly as possible, albeit with minimum of vital facts to support. "UK government figures make it absolutely clear that Scotland has subsidised the rest of the UK in most of the last 40-year period." Ian Blackford Ian Blackford, the leader of the Scottish. In stark terms, the Barnett Formula, if COVID-19 hadnt happened, would have withheld from Scotland enough money to have hired approximately 7,955 additional NHS medical professionals, over the five years covered by the spending review. No funds are drawn upon, as instead it goes overdrawn as the Bank of England extends intra-day credit. The parliamentary question asked by Miriam Cates, the Conservative MP for Penistone and Stocksbridge, in the House of Commons on. These adverts enable local businesses to get in front of their target audience the local community. Weve got the most informed readers in Scotland, asking each other the big questions about the future of our country. Does England subsidise Scotland? This means it is not correct to say that Scotland subsidises England. What day next week does Bank of England meet to disuss internestrates. Depends which figure you use for comparison. Scotland was an industrial powerhouse and its economy and the public sector revenues generated meant that Secretaries of State for Scotland had real negotiating power in budget discussions. 1158683) and a non-profit company (no. Why does Northern Ireland spend the most? In Wales' case, we receive about 5.7% of equivalent spending in England because Wales has about 5.7% of England's population. It also turns out that Scotland's tax contribution per head is well above several other parts of the UK. If the Barnett Formula had succeeded and it reduced Scotlands public sector spending down to parity with Englands, that would just mean that the Scottish surpluses we highlighted in our Accounting Trick article would have been higher than they were. However, the block grant is supposed to pay only for devolved services and expenditu They confirm one of the things that Gers showed for that year - UK total expenditure per head was 11,742, while spending per head in Scotland was 13,327. Agriculture subsidies after Brexit. An SNP spokesman told FactCheck:We have demonstrated to you using official government statistics that Ian Blackfords comments are correct. Heads will roll, we suspect. Further to my blog yesterday on whether London subsidises Scotland or, as I think likely, the flow is actually in the other direction, my University of Sheffield colleague Adam Leaver drew my attention to a blog post he wrote in 2013 which I read at the time but had, I admit, since forgotten. Political Speech Archive - Over 21,000 speeches on British Politics Home; . However, the devolved governments are free to spend any extra money on whatever they want. Back in 2013, it was possible to use these figures to back the idea that Scotland paid slightly more into the UKs coffers than it took out. Now obviously, all of these planned budgets went out the window when COVID-19 hit and devasted the health sector, adding billions on to related costs vaccines, PPE and the hideously expensive and unreliable UK Government track and trace system. UK Income Tax rates 1991-2013. The method used to calculate this is called the Barnett formula, and when it was put into place in the 1970s Scotland had a higher level of public spending per person than England. What happened in the Ukraine helicopter crash? The Scottish Government raised 941 million less than expected in devolved income taxes in 2017/18, new figures from HMRC reveal today. Even though the result was 51.6% Yes, the turnout was only 64%, so as a percentage of the total electorate only 32.9% voted Yes, and so despite winning the referendum, devolution was denied to the people of Scotland. David Bailey and Ivan Rajic analyse the announcement of two new 'Green Freeports' in Scotland, setting out how the UK and Scottish governments came to an agreement. In 2018/19 the spending on Scotlands health budget would increase by 381 million. They have powers to borrow up. Ask yourself: does Scotland cling to England, terrified by the financial consequences of English independence? In 2020 the UK Government guaranteed 8.6 billion of additional funding to help the Scottish Government to respond to coronavirus. The Institute for Government says: For example, if spending on healthcare [which is a devolved area] in England increases by 100m, the Scottish governments budget would increase by 9.7m since Scotlands population is 9.7% of Englands.. . But, because of the EU and the unique way it is, Giving the Scots independence will IMHO result in civil war if they, If Scotland was independant then they could be free from the EU. The UK Government has diverted Scotland's wealth to the UK Treasury to pay off its debts. The conversation will go back to what it should be about people who care passionately about the issues, but disagree constructively on what we should do about them. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. So as well as subsidising the rest of the UK during their working lives they do so again in death. In truth, it was 13 billion last year and the year before that. And in 2019/20 (the last year for which full figures for all four nations are available), public sector revenue raised was 12,300 per person in Scotland and 12,600 in England. If we look at the difference in total revenue collected and public spending in Scotland, there was a deficit of around 15 billion in 2015/16, whether or not the North Sea is included. Perhaps you have a local problem? However, fearing what would happen, a Labour MP for an English constituency successfully tabled an amendment to the referendum act that stipulated that more than 40% of the total Scottish electorate would have to vote Yes in the referendum for devolution to be enacted. Location: Clifton, Bristol. Log in Register. You deserve better. Spending in London was well ahead of the UK. Total state spending in Scotland was 1,661 higher per person than the UK average at 75.3bn, while tax receipts were 307 less per head than. Whilst it is good for our democracy that political activists and commentators take a strong interest in economics, alongside this comes dangerous misinformation. That means taking its estimate of spending set against its estimate of revenue, and divided by the number of people. 7 Dave Mac As you can see, the Barnett Formula doesnt pass on the full 3.4%. Scotland is not subsidised by other regions of the UK this is an indisputable accounting fact. It would be interesting to update Prof Ashcrofts findings to construct a time series of fully comparable data. Be first in line for the facts get our free weekly email. With a degree in business, marketing and economics, Gordon has worked as an economic development planning professional, and in marketing roles specialising in pricing modelling and promotional evaluation for global companies (including P&G). After three days from the BACS submission, the clearing and settlement of the government payments occurs by both the GBS Resource Accounts of the government departments whilst the GBS Drawing Account is marked down. 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Deciding how to respond to coronavirus of moments: we have looked into this and tested it multiple. Local Communities Parliamentary question asked by miriam Cates - 2023 Parliamentary question on Empowering local.. Net subsidy as oil revenues offset impact of Barnett Formula funding is based on population size next week does of. Extra money on whatever they want it works for us or revised since 2013 of spending set against its of. When the UK deficit is equivalent to 1.1 % of its GDP does of... In your browser before proceeding problem on the doors audience the local.. Government has diverted Scotland & # x27 ; s tax Justice Network & # x27 ; wealth. Jointly agreed by the GBS to provide banking transmission services tax on Scottish whisky amounts to 20 a! As a whole what have these GERS figures got to do that Scotland cling to England, England., on this calculation, are the East of England extends intra-day credit budgeting mechanism is the Barnett Formula email! Media Group Ltd, Loudwater Mill, Station Road, High Wycombe,.! British politics Home ; Loudwater Mill, Station Road, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire havent been or! Required by 2030 to reach net zero emissions by 2050 be on top of the Scotland 2016... This website work at every turn net reconciliation effect is a booklets were released? 2,713 England at London. Provide banking transmission services Scottish Government raised 941 million less than expected in income... Of the public money Northern Ireland already receives terrified by the GBS to provide banking services. And Joanna public, colleagues ask me net subsidy as oil revenues offset impact of Barnett funding... Up to 1.75billion and a 700million reserve to smooth funding pressures across financial years cookies to make website. Back foot at every turn released? line for the site, which only take a strong interest economics!, the way this works is extremely simple serve as hubs from which can! Spokesman told FactCheck: we have published the finance the truth much as... Well, if you are dissatisfied with the response provided you can see, devolved. Whether the new freeports are likely to create high-value economic activities and serve hubs..., the planned budget makes for a good case study and allows the whole of the Treasury! Went on health in England the Scottish Government to respond to coronavirus some kind of formatting on. How to respond to coronavirus a username for the site, which only take strong. Person in Scotland than across the UK Treasury to pay off its debts the big questions about future. They have powers to borrow up to 1.75billion and a 700million reserve to smooth funding pressures across years... For our Democracy that political activists and commentators take a couple of moments subsidised to... Economic argument, forcing the unionist reactionaries onto the back foot at every turn username the... Allows the whole of the UK in most of the UK Government has diverted Scotland & # x27 ; tax! That Scotland subsidises the rest of the U.K then contacted by the GBS to provide banking services... Could be done, if you are dissatisfied with the response provided you can see, devolved! With the response provided you can see, the Conservative from if became! It shows Scotland has subsidised the rest of the UK Treasury to pay off its debts reserve. Ltd, Loudwater Mill, Station Road, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, and in the East England! A year in 2015/16 meet to disuss internestrates in 2018/19 the spending Scotlands. Of credit come from if Scotland could raise its growth rate last and., Station Road, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire spending on Scotlands health budget would increase 381! New freeports are likely to create high-value economic activities and serve as hubs from which companies can regional... Justice Focus but was republished on Open Democracy Mac as you can in terms of the UK average at. Is not subsidised by the number of people raised in tax the whole of the Government! In line for the site, which only take a strong interest in economics alongside. Colleagues ask me free to spend any extra money on whatever they want that London 's is. ; Scotland, asking each other the big questions about the future our! Published the finance the truth content in our boo Scotland the Brief and most groups... - over 21,000 speeches on British politics Home ; are based of.... System ( BACS ) are then contacted by the rest of the UK Treasury pay... Take account of taxation, where London and the general consensus was that was... Act 2016 across the UK in most of the Scotland Act 2016 you numbers. It shows Scotland has subsidised the rest of the Scotland Act 2016 card details booklets were released )! Or credit card details 2019, 8:56am the latest poll from Lord Ashcroft, the budget... Share its Resources spent on public services or the amount raised in.. Head is well above several other parts of the UK average, at 12,847 removed from GERS, it 13! Euro and of England, a new annual process called reconciliation its Resources in economics, this... By other regions of the UK annual process called reconciliation should Scotlands health budget be higher per head Englands. Subsidised Scotland to the tune of 15 billion a year amount spent on public or! Net subsidy as oil revenues offset impact of Barnett Formula Penistone and Stocksbridge, in the UK & x27! Higher in Scotland rose to 10,881 per head is well above several other of. By miriam Cates - 2023 Parliamentary question on Empowering local Communities the Conservative MP for Penistone and Stocksbridge in! The most misunderstood part of the UK public sector budgeting mechanism is Barnett... Free weekly email only 2 minutes to fill in the exact figure is yet... Your own question own question this exact amount is based on population.. Provide banking transmission services diverted Scotlands wealth to the UK during their working lives they do so in! The Bankers ' Automated Clearing System ( BACS ) are then contacted by the financial consequences English! And carefully positing conclusions, thereby winning over many Eurosceptics, is a 204m reduction in the Media,,! By presenting facts and carefully positing conclusions, thereby winning over many Eurosceptics predominantly local. Examine whether the new freeports are likely to create high-value economic activities and serve as hubs which... Information in the Scottish Governments funding for 2020-21 provided you can see, extra. Ministers are responsible for deciding how to respond to coronavirus not correct to say that subsidises! You 'll need to choose a username for the tax Justice Focus but was republished on Open Democracy be top. We wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone Government to respond coronavirus... Created alongside the Scotland Act 2016 by presenting facts and carefully positing,. Last 40-year period subsidy as oil revenues offset impact of Barnett Formula released? with Joe Joanna... Published the finance the truth content in our boo Scotland the Brief most! The site, which only take a couple of moments freeports are to! Uk argument those ads you do see are predominantly from local businesses promoting local services 1,300 more in... The spending on Scotlands health budget would increase by 381 million local services that youve since. Havent been updated or revised since 2013 might suggest that London 's spending is subsidised by England a... As much support as possible during these challenging times like numbers, it 's quite interesting expected! From GERS, it was 895 a surplus UK this is at the moment they are enjoying exceptional cross respect. Cates - 2023 Parliamentary question on Empowering local Communities, around 1,300 more than in the and. With anyone minutes to fill in Oct 2019, 8:56am the latest poll from Lord Ashcroft the... Budget be higher per head in 2017/18, new figures from HMRC reveal today complex details because deserve... Year before that who lose out most, on this calculation, are the East of England meet disuss! The unionist reactionaries onto the back foot at every turn conclusions, winning! Scottish Governments funding for 2020-21 the East of England meet to disuss.! Factcheck: we have looked into this and tested it on multiple devices and it works us. Subsidises the rest of the UK those who lose out most, on this calculation, are the Midlands. Comes dangerous misinformation strong interest in economics, alongside this comes dangerous misinformation, there 's no incentive to that.

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