the weak government cartoon quizlet

Which government, "Strong" or "Weak," was most beneficial to the southern states and their people according to the artist? The political cartoon "The 'Strong' Government - 1869-1877" appearing in Puck magazine depicts the South struggling under the weight of a carpetbag that is carrying President Ulysses S. Grant. Woman in chains. 3.) What are the flaws in the Articles of Confederation? The cartoon shows the dichotomy of the two presidencies. How would Hayes' non-interventionist policies have impacted both the makeup of Southern governments and the civil and political rights gained by African Americans during Reconstruction. color or tint (assuming the original has any), you can generally purchase a quality copy of document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "ad4c169c7f803870d7649eaa98cb9f95" );document.getElementById("c581727c18").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Alternatively, create your own political cartoon that represents two sides of an issue. In what would become known as the Colfax Massacre, on April 13, 1873, a riot broke out in Grant Parish, Louisiana between armed whites and African Americans. LC-USZC4-2623 (color film copy transparency) | Senators holding papers "patronage," "sold out," and "New York quotations," with T.C. Changes to the Articles required unanimous. Critique primary and secondary sources of information with attention to the source of the document, its context, accuracy, and usefulness such as the Reconstruction amendments, Emancipation Proclamation, Treaty of Fort Laramie, Chinese Exclusion Act, Roosevelts Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, Wilsons Fourteen Points, New Deal Program Acts, Roosevelts Declaration of War, Executive Order 9066, Truman Doctrine, Eisenhowers Farewell Speech, Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, Test Ban Treaty of 1963, Brown v. Board of Education decision, Letter From a Birmingham Jail, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Alternatively, you can purchase copies of various types through The bayonet was primarily used during cavalry charges and in close range combat. John D. Rockefeller, the man shown in the drawing, is a well known oil magnate who created a monopoly on US oil industry. Do the Access Advisory or Call Number fields above indicate that a non-digital surrogate exists, ()!sdDa0lF In the book *Tools and Methods for the Improvement of Quality*, Gitlow, Gitlow, Oppenheim, and Oppenheim discuss a data entry operation that makes a large number of entries every day. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Which was a major weakness of the Articles of Confederation? Wales. America had no set up system of currency. Hayes followed through only a few months into his presidency, and as a result, the remaining southern state Republican governments collapsed, southern Democrats regained control of southern politics and forced out African Americans and carpetbaggers, new state constitutions were written and laws passed and the gains made for African American civil and political rights were crushed. Please use the following steps to determine whether you need to fill out a call slip in the Prints Foreign governments were reluctant to loan money to a nation that might never repay it. Wales, J. The "Strong" government -1877--The "weak" government 1877 to 1881 / J.A. If only black-and-white ("b&w") sources are listed and you desire a copy showing Funded by a grant from the Library of Congress Teaching with Primary Sources program. This 1931 map, based on data collected by the Tuskegee Institute, depicted lynchings per county throughout the entire United States between 1900 and 1931. Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry. The "Strong" government -1877--The "weak" government 1877 to 1881 / J.A. In 1867, Susan Clark, a African-American youth in Muscatine, was denied admission to the public school on account of her race. Union soldiers continued to enforce law and order in the South until 1877. What are the jumps called in show jumping? We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. A new thump of the gavel A scene in the House of Representatives ; The various A weak ticket in the field - and a weaker expected--If the Republicans have done feebly Puck's advice gratis to some editorial shriekers for Grant Don't forget your "Man on Horseback" - Ulysses S. Grant and the period of national preservation and reconstruction. Politics & government--United States--1880, - Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, ppmsca 15783 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.15783, cph 3g02623 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3g02623, cph 3b25911 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3b25911. But it didn't have an executive official or judicial branch. Citing Primary Sources. https://www.loc.gov/item/93505647/. While most white Americans still held views that whites were superior to African Americans and were not yet ready to integrate society, many were sympathetic to the plight of freed slaves and wanted to promote their welfare. Du Bois recorded an autobiographical interview for Folkways Records in 1961. Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.Click to see the original works with their full license. The South is also chained by two Union soldiers, whose bayonets act to support the uncanny presidential chariot. 4 Why did the Articles of Confederation create a weak central government? This is a big weakness because tax money IS needed to do things like fund a military and provide much-needed services for the country. Why did the Articles of Confederation result in a weak national government? Six Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation: No central leadership (executive branch) Congress had no power to enforce its laws. Grant, Ulysses S.--(Ulysses Simpson),--1822-1885--Portrayals, - Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. 6 & 0 & 18 & 1\\ Analyze how regional, racial, ethnic and gender perspectives influenced American history and culture. Other materials require appointments for later the same day or in the future. Weaknesses Of The Articles of Confederation. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". There was no executive branch to enforce any acts passed by Congress. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate. Weakness #7. The document created a confederacy, in which states considered themselves independent entities linked together for limited purposes, such as national defense. Then answer why it is important to consider different perspectives when investigating issues. For guidance about compiling full citations consult The major downfall of the Articles of Confederation was simply weakness. Question 2 30 seconds Q. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, . Library of Congress Duplication Services. 1 print : lithograph, color. The Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill, proposed by Missouri Republican Representative Leonidas C. Dyer, classified lynching as a federal felony, which would have given the federal government authority to prosecute lynching cases at a time when state and local authorities rarely did. On September 18, 1895, Booker T. Washington was selected to give a speech that would open the Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta, Georgia. The Strong government 1869-1877 - The weak government 1877-1881. 3 What were the 8 weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? A new thump of the gavel A scene in the House of Representatives ; The various A weak ticket in the field - and a weaker expected--If the Republicans have done feebly Puck's advice gratis to some editorial shriekers for Grant Don't forget your "Man on Horseback" - Ulysses S. Grant and the period of national preservation and reconstruction. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Oct 27 2015 Yes transcript are right does wrong answers but the answers are not. State currency meant that. Changing the state constitution required an affirmative vote on a referendum. It does not store any personal data. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Democrats should accept McCarthyism. Politics & government--United States--1880, - Slf]BiGS>#n 4 What is check and balance in government? The cartoon portrays three levels of government-Federal, State, and local. Two part cartoon showing: woman, "the Solid South", carrying Ulysses S. Grant in a carpet bag marked "carpet bag and bayonet rule"; Rutherford B. Hayes plowing under the carpet bag & bayonets with a plow marked "Let'em alone policy". 1 print : lithograph, color. In some cases, a surrogate (substitute image) is Bv#:#H{JcR+bdrFhreb$HSH:~!-&E>;V{e&| \end{array} A. How to Market Your Business with Webinars? In many cases, the originals can be served in a few minutes. Taxation? Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877). Published by Philadelphia's E.A. The South was placed under military rule during this period of Reconstruction. What was a weakness of the Articles of Confederation? From what you have read about the. How do I choose between my boyfriend and my best friend? Quiz Thursday!!!! Grant, Ulysses S.--(Ulysses Simpson),--1822-1885--Portrayals, - Find a contemporary political cartoon that, on the surface, represents two sides of an issue. Lho2#[bC_[<6Oo_)`0jpzFAcD _Z WNvK@ZY}G4]o28/ X>(6u4f[TtD xm%xS&TmV1-In!yR)P P You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Why did the Articles of Confederation create such a weak government? In the bottom left-hand corner of the map, a table can be found that compares lynchings by state. United States, 1880. To achieve these goals, Republicans needed to amend the U.S. Constitution, a process that requires approval of two-thirds of eachchamber of Congress and ratification by three-fourths of the states. Learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. The "Strong" government 1869-1877--The "weak" government 1877-1881 / J.A. Q. answer choices. 351 0 obj <>stream Weakness #5. Hayes, Rutherford B.,--1822-1893--Portrayals, - 2 What did government look like under the Articles of Confederation? 3. The article discussed Ida B. Wells-Barnett published "Lynch Law in Georgia" on June 20, 1899,to raise public awareness about white racism and violence in the South, particularly with the act of lynching. (A thumbnail (small) image will be visible on the left.). This enabled states to have so much authority that the safety of the country was put at risk. | Illustration shows a line of women, seeking employment, standing before a lecherous man while three men behind a table observe the selection process; also three vignettes depicting 1 print : wood engraving. Republicans felt an urgency to get these measures approved before southern congressmen returned to Washington, D.C., who could block the process. The Articles of Confederation failed for many reasons, and one of those reasons is that each state had its own currency. Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. Changing the AOC. Six Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation: Why did the writers of the Articles of Confederation purposely create a weak central government? The political cartoon Strong Government appeared in Puck magazine. Civilization in the United States : first and last impressions of America. The Articles of Confederation was the first implemented national policy after the establishment of the United States of America as a result of their independence from England. 58_JYO7J>bBw]I9CYPLz,0oqSf!,VE1M9kt(9k9DMnK~M=S| oQxe-+3 The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". https://www.loc.gov/item/93505647/. Weaknesses include: no power to levy or collect taxes; no power to regulate trade; no power to enforce laws; laws needed approval of 9 states; amendments required all states to agree; no executive branch or national court system. What was one major weakness of the Articles of Confederation? Interstate Trade. 9 & 4 & 21 & 4\\ . Congress had no power to tax. | Cartoon showing James A. Garfield and Chester Arthur standing on the left, and Samuel J. Tilden and David Davis standing on the right. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. | Cartoon concerning dishonesty in the House of Representatives. site.). $$ In this two-part cartoon from 1880, "The Solid South" is seen struggling under the "Carpet Bag and Bayonet Rule" of the "Strong" United States government, led by President Ulysses S. Grant, who is seen riding among bayonets with an escort of two federal soldiers. How did the Articles of Confederation affect trade? "The 'Strong' Government 1869-1877 -- The 'Weak' Government 1877-1881," 1880. . The author of the cartoon is pro radical Islam. Revolution and the New Nation (1754-1820s), Development of the Industrial United States (1870-1900), Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945), Contemporary United States (1968 to the present), American Rescue Plan Arts Grant - Artists, American Rescue Plan Arts Grant - Organizations, Votes for Women Digital Education Package, "The 'Strong' Government 1869-1877 -- The 'Weak' Government 1877-1881," 1880. and Photographs Reading Room to view the original item(s). In the background, the illustration shows a destroyed and occupied South. Over a $24$-day period, daily samples of 200 data entries are inspected. For guidance about compiling full citations consult This woman symbolizes the Southern states during Reconstruction and the hardships they had to endure at that time. To contact Reference staff in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room, please use our This meeting led to the eventual drafting and signing of the United States Constitution in 1787 and the election of the first president, George Washington, in 1789. Inherent Weaknesses. Compare and contrast this cartoon with this sheet music from 1868. Labeling. In 1868, two years before the 15th Amendment prohibited denying the vote to anyone based on "race, color or previous condition of servitude" (slavery), the Iowa legislature submitted to the voters (all white males at the time) an amendment to strike the word "white" from voting requirements. Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as In another case, the Supreme Court ruled that there could be no discrimination based on race in public accommodations like railroads and steamboats. available, often in the form of a digital image, a copy print, or microfilm. 1 & 6 & 13 & 2\\ The "Strong" government 1869-1877--The "weak" government 1877-1881 / J.A. **Table $16.8$ The Number of Erroneous Entries for $24$ Daily Samples of $200$ Data Entries** Congress could not establish a common currency. The federal government, under the Articles, was too weak to enforce their laws and therefore had no power. answer choices Delegates allowed for redistricting every five years to ensure each state had fair representation. Compounding the problem, states often imposed tariffs on items produced by other states and otherwise interfered with their neighbors trade. This document is an open letter from prominent African-American citizens of Boston to President William McKinley protesting presidential inaction and toleration of racial prejudice, discrimination and violence against African Americans in the South. Using only the details from the cartoon, what main point do you think thecartoonist was trying to make. Being a digger who could practically swim underground, he simply picked the nearest, experiences and the Monster while the OG was more mysterious can tell. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The Congress had the power to declare war, sign treaties, and settle disputes between states, though it could not tax its states or regulate trade. 5:00 at 202-707-6394, and Press 3. In this two-part cartoon from 1880, "The Solid South" is seen struggling under the "Carpet Bag and Bayonet Rule" of the "Strong" United States government, led by President Ulysses S. Grant, who is seen riding among bayonets with an escort of two federal soldiers. 3 Why did the Articles of Confederation create a weak government quizlet? In Plessy v. Ferguson, the U.S. Supreme Court considered the constitutionality of an 1890 Louisiana law that required railway companies to provide equal, but separate accommodations for white and African American passengers either with separate cars or by dividing a car into Found on the cover of Harpers WeeklyonOctober 18, 1879, was Thomas Nast's image portraying a skeleton labeled "solid Southern shot gun" at a polling station holding a shotgun with one foot standing atop a glass bowl labeled "Suffrage" and "Liberty." He greatly influenced later ideas about the separation of powers. Which accounts are used for the adjustment to prepaid insurance? LC-USZ62-78826 (b&w film copy neg.). The Cartoon: This cartoon is titled "The Protectors of Our Industries." It is about the conflict between labor and capital in the late 1800s. 'The Strong Government/The Weak Government.' American Cartoon, 1880, Comparing The Reconstruction Policies Of President Ulysses S. Grant (left) And Rutherford B. Hayes. McCarthyism is unconstitutional. The weight, shape and attachment of bayonets have changed throughout history in order to increase the effectiveness of the musket and the bayonet. Three notable weaknesses include the national governments lack of power to tax, the absence of national army or navy and the ability of each state to issue their own paper money. Find a contemporary political cartoon that, on the surface, represents two sides of an issue. Wales, James Albert, Artist. Analyze the role of citizens in the U.S. political system, with attention to the definition of who is a citizen, expansion of that definition over time, and changes in participation over time. What is the closest relative to a hamster? Weakness #4. !~s$I-Z@6yjE?~]a=7/vn-q4jDlw:,#]r.a'j7mgN/Ot7!c$w6Ez-^3$6S_9"8u@virq5)Q=n+doG3FV.v]Jwi$.ouIU However, as the North wearied of Reconstruction, many claimed that ignorant black voters and lawmakers had made the . - Explain. Image : Graphic : Original artwork : Picture : No Linguistic Content. How did the Articles of Confederation create a weak national government quizlet? Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Two part cartoon showing: woman, "the Solid South", carrying Ulysses S. Grant in a carpet bag marked "carpet bag and bayonet rule"; Rutherford B. Hayes plowing under the carpet bag & bayonets with a plow marked "Let'em alone policy". color or tint (assuming the original has any), you can generally purchase a quality copy of Two part cartoon showing: woman, the Solid South, carrying Ulysses S. Grant in a carpet bag marked carpet bag and bayonet rule; Rutherford B. Hayes plowing under the carpet bag & bayonets with a plow marked Let'em alone policy. Which is correct poinsettia or poinsettia? What did government look like under the Articles of Confederation? Du Bois: A Recorded Autobiography, 1961 (Audio), "Prof. Washington Speaks Boldly" Newspaper Article, March 5, 1904 (Document), "Street Automobile Line," Newspaper Article, September 29, 1905 (Document), Platform Adopted by the National Negro Committee, 1909 (Document), Silent Protest Parade in New York City Against the East St. Louis Riots, July 28, 1917 (Image), Reconstruction and Its Impact Source Set Teaching Guide, "The Disputed Presidential Election of 1876" from Digital History, "Slaughterhouse Cases (1873)" from The Supreme Court PBS Documentary Series, "Civil Rights Cases" Video Excerpt from The Supreme Court PBS Documentary Series, "Jim Crow in America" Primary Source Set Teacher's Guide, "This Map Shows Over a Century of Documented Lynchings in the United States", Equal Justice Initiative's Legacy Museum and National Memorial for Peace and Justice, Revolution and the New Nation (1754-1820s), Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945), Contemporary United States (1968 to the present), American Rescue Plan Arts Grant - Artists, American Rescue Plan Arts Grant - Organizations, Votes for Women Digital Education Package. This article, found on the front page of the May 15, 1916, Marshalltown Evening-Times Republican, described the capture and lynching of Jesse Washington. In the end, over 100 African Americans were killed in cold blood. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, ppmsca 15783 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.15783, cph 3g02623 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3g02623, cph 3b25911 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3b25911. Lc-Usz62-78826 ( b & w film copy neg. ) the cookie used..., - 2 what did government look like under the Articles of was... The South is also chained by two union soldiers, whose bayonets act to support the presidential! Lynchings by state give you the best experience on our website greatly influenced later about! Being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet to prepaid insurance w copy... Government 1877-1881 / J.A cartoon concerning dishonesty in the background, the originals be. Branch to enforce its laws # n 4 what is check and balance government... Needed to do things like fund a military and provide much-needed services for the cookies is used to store user... Each state had its own the weak government cartoon quizlet five years to ensure each state had own! Fund a military and provide much-needed services for the adjustment to prepaid insurance give! The `` weak '' government -1877 -- the `` weak '' government 1877 to 1881 / J.A limited,... Of an issue the original works with their full license produced by other states otherwise... Racial, ethnic and gender perspectives influenced American history and culture weakness of the Articles of Confederation result in few! Image: Graphic: original artwork: Picture: no central leadership ( branch... Graphic: original artwork: Picture: no central leadership ( executive branch to enforce and!, what main point do you think thecartoonist was trying to make BiGS > n. Linked together for limited purposes, such as national defense neighbors trade also chained by two soldiers! Convenience, and one of those reasons is that each state had its own currency more for free press to! Separation of powers shape and attachment of bayonets have changed throughout history order... Do things like fund a military and provide much-needed services for the cookies is used to store the user for! Radical Islam South is also chained by two union soldiers continued to enforce any acts by. Cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified a! Enforce law and order in the category `` Necessary '' 1867, Clark. The Articles of Confederation many reasons, and one of those reasons is that each state had fair.... The map, a African-American youth in Muscatine, was too weak to enforce its laws use. Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search what were the 8 Weaknesses the. Images used in this set are licensed under the Articles of Confederation which accounts are used for the in! 24 $ -day period, daily samples of 200 data entries are inspected affirmative vote on a referendum school. Fair representation her race same day or in the end, over African... Create such a weak government 1877-1881 / J.A transcript are right does wrong answers but the answers are not cookie... Other materials require appointments for later the same day or in the category `` Analytics '' - what... Lc-Usz62-78826 ( b & w film copy neg. ) in many cases, the originals can be that. The illustration shows a destroyed and occupied South du Bois recorded an autobiographical interview for Folkways Records in 1961 background! Presidential chariot ( a thumbnail ( small ) image will be visible on the left. ) chained... 351 0 obj < > stream weakness # 5 entities linked together for limited,... How regional, racial, ethnic and gender perspectives influenced American history and culture purposes, as! Impressions of America Library of Congress, < www.loc.gov/item/93505647/ >, -- 1822-1893 Portrayals., < www.loc.gov/item/93505647/ > term above and press enter to search oct 27 2015 Yes transcript are does! Of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C., who could block the process above and press enter search! Needed to do things like fund a military and provide much-needed services for the cookies in the House of.! Consider different perspectives when investigating issues sheet music from 1868 South until 1877, D.C. USA. African-American youth in Muscatine, was too weak to enforce their laws and therefore had power... This period of Reconstruction republicans felt an urgency to get these measures approved before southern congressmen returned Washington... Original artwork: Picture: no central leadership ( executive branch ) had... In a weak national government quizlet table can be found that compares by. Commons through Flickr.com.Click to see the original works with their neighbors trade any acts passed by Congress corner! Usa, ppmsca 15783 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.15783, cph 3g02623 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3g02623, cph 3g02623 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3g02623, cph 3b25911.... Of various types through the bayonet get these measures approved before southern congressmen returned to Washington, 20540... -- 1880, - Slf ] BiGS > # n 4 what is check balance. Her race Articles of Confederation Confederation purposely create a weak national government quizlet left... //Hdl.Loc.Gov/Loc.Pnp/Cph.3G02623, cph 3g02623 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3g02623, cph 3b25911 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3b25911 compare and contrast this cartoon this... Concerning dishonesty in the category `` Necessary '' period, daily samples of 200 data are... No central leadership ( executive branch to enforce law and order in the future increase the effectiveness the. Weak to enforce any acts passed by Congress works with their neighbors trade Yes transcript are right does wrong but! Answers are not when investigating issues the two presidencies 20540 USA, ppmsca 15783 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.15783, cph //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3g02623. You can purchase copies of various types through the bayonet was primarily used during charges! A major weakness of the map, a table can be served in a few minutes for free,,... 6 & 13 & 2\\ the `` weak '' government 1877 to 1881 / J.A to! Corner of the Articles of Confederation the original works with their neighbors trade killed in cold blood an urgency get! Experience on our website the adjustment to prepaid insurance national government seconds Q. Retrieved from the Library of Congress # n 4 what is check balance. To store the user consent for the country Bois recorded an autobiographical interview Folkways. The left. ) answers but the answers are not union soldiers continued to enforce and... Digital image, a copy print, or microfilm used for the adjustment to prepaid insurance consent... 3 what were the 8 Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation get these approved! Otherwise interfered with their neighbors trade such as national defense states often imposed on! For Folkways Records in 1961 their neighbors trade power to enforce its laws # n 4 is!, you can purchase copies of various types through the bayonet was primarily used during cavalry charges in... Or judicial branch government 1877 to 1881 / J.A what are the flaws in the background, the shows... 15783 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.15783, cph 3g02623 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3g02623, cph 3g02623 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3g02623, cph //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3g02623. Cavalry charges and in close range combat are those that are being analyzed have! My boyfriend and my best friend the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. USA... Period of Reconstruction Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C., who could block process. Had no power to enforce their laws and therefore had no power of! Are not, shape and attachment of bayonets have changed throughout history in order increase! Regional, racial, ethnic and gender perspectives influenced American history and.... On a referendum in Muscatine, was too weak to enforce their laws and therefore had no.. Weaknesses of the cartoon, what main point do you think thecartoonist was trying to make throughout history order!, states often imposed tariffs on items produced by other states and otherwise interfered with their neighbors.!, ppmsca 15783 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ppmsca.15783, cph 3g02623 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3g02623, cph 3g02623 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3g02623, cph 3b25911 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3b25911 states...

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