ethnicity and crime statistics uk 2020

All results relate to England and Wales unless explicitly stated otherwise. 2, See technical guide for further information relating to the impact of COVID-19 on the courts. , Ethnicity was known for 99.29% of prisoners in England and Wales on 30th June 2020. This was the only region in which homicide victims were more likely to be from the Black ethnic group (42%), followed by White ethnic group (40%). This trend is similar across all disposal types. Figure 7.01: Proportion of prosecutions for Indictable offences by sex and ethnicity, England and Wales, 2020. This trend has remained relatively stable over the past 5 years, with the Black ethnic group consistently having the highest proportion of defendants electing themselves to be heard at Crown Court. , For 2014/15, following SEN reforms, SEN pupils are categorised as SEN with a statement or Education, health and care (EHC) plan and SEN support. , Data is self-declared from HR records, as at 31 December 2020. Figure 5.02: Proportions of convictions for all ethnicities, by offence groups, 2020, England and Wales. This includes putting more information in the public domain with ethnicity breakdowns, the use of the Relative Rate Indexes[footnote 6] where appropriate and a focus on outcomes for children distinct form the adult population. The reoffending rate among children was higher for the Black ethnic group at 45% and has consistently been higher over the last five years than the White (39%), Asian (35%) and Other (34%) ethnic groups. On the basis of self-report studies, Graham and Bowling (1995) concluded that people from certain ethnic backgrounds like Black (43%) and White (44%) had similar crime rates, whereas others like Asians had comparatively lower crime rates - Indians (30%), Pakistanis (28%), and Bangladeshis (13%). In contrast, White defendants had the largest proportion of prosecutions for possession of a Class A drug (22% in 2020). , Children includes individuals aged up to 17 and adults includes individuals aged 18 and over. In 2020, the custody rate was highest for the Chinese or Other ethnic group, at 64% and lowest for the Mixed ethnic group at 48%. When controlling for offence mix across ethnic groups, a decrease in ACSL was observed across all ethnic groups. * Production, supply, intent to supply (Class B). , Statistical significance between groups over the time series is represented with a *, This section reports on three years of combined data, 2017/18 to 2019/20. Main facts and figures. This number does not include offences such as speeding. The Chinese or Other ethnic group had the highest number of defendants remanded in custody, at 62%, whereas the White ethnic group had the lowest number of defendants remanded in custody, at 42%. , See Appendix II for concordance in ethnicity reporting between these sources, More information on Relative Rate Indexes can be found in the technical guide. The proportion of total arrests for which theft offences account has been decreasing over this period (20 to 13%) with a corresponding increase in the proportion accounted for by drug offences (9 to 12%). This publication compiles statistics from data sources across the Criminal Justice System (CJS), to provide a combined perspective on the typical experiences of different ethnic groups. You can change your cookie settings at any time. Find information about the experiences and outcomes of people from a variety of ethnic backgrounds. In the latest year, the Other ethnicity for children had the highest average number of reoffences per reoffender at 4.5, followed by White (4.1), Black (3.5), and Asian (3.4) average number of reoffences. In the absence of any court outcome, the principal suspect is either the person considered by the police to be the most involved in the homicide or the person with the closest relationship to the victim. This method accounted for 69% of homicides with Black victims, but only 35% of those with White victims. Convictions across indictable offence groups varied between ethnic groups in 2020, with drug offences accounting for the highest proportion of offenders within each ethnic group except for White offenders, where the highest proportion of convictions was for theft offences. ACSL decreased the most for Asian offenders (decreasing 41%) and Black offenders (decreasing 23%) over the last 5 years. 3 The rape figures in this table are aggregate totals of the data submitted based on both the legacy and revised Uniform Crime Reporting . Flexible payment options include Deferred Payments, Ramped Payments, and Equal Monthly or Quarterly . ethnicity and crime statistics uk 2020trees that grow well in clay soil texas. Since 2016, White defendants have had a consistently lower average custodial sentence length (ACSL) than other ethnic groups. In 2020, Black males accounted for 12% of all male prosecutions and 11% of all male convictions, compared to Black females, accounting for 7% of all female prosecutions and 7% of all female convictions. There was a corresponding increase in stop and searches conducted on Asian suspects (15% to 19%) whilst all other ethnic groups remained relatively constant. In 2020, White defendants spent the lowest mean number of days (156) at court, while defendants from Chinese or Other ethnic groups had the highest (199). 102 Petty France. , More information of ethnic group classifications can be found in Appendix I, Officer identified ethnicity can refer to ethnicity recorded by any third party, such as a police officer, clerk or a member of the data entry team. It offers insights into the experience of victims which other sources of data, such as police records, may not capture[footnote 9]. This decrease was also significant for White (down 44%), Black (down 80%) and Asian (down 67%) children, in isolation. In 2020, Black offenders made up 32% of the prison population for under-18-year olds, despite accounting for only 13% of the whole prison population. The most common sentence given for indictable offences across all ethnic groups was immediate custody, accounting for 35% of all offenders sentenced in 2020 (where ethnicity is known). Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. The Authority considers whether the statistics meet the highest standards of Code compliance, including the value they add to public decisions and debate. That compares to a 1 in 323.9 chance statewide. This was followed by defendants from the Chinese or Other ethnic groups (16%), Asian defendants (14%), Mixed defendants (12%) and White defendants (12%). We are trialling the publication of this statistical bulletin in HTML format alongside the usual PDF version and we are seeking user feedback on the use of HTML for the publication of statistical bulletins. This chapter provides statistics relating to offenders in custody or under supervision in the community. they believe them to be a realistic or truthful picture of crime in the UK) and have constructed sociological theories explaining why particular groups (e.g. , Detailed results of the survey can be found in table 6.06 in the tables document published alongside this report. A sharp instrument was the most frequent apparent method of killing across most ethnic groups, accounting for 40% of all homicides in the period between 2017/18 and 2019/20. Cases where ethnicity was not known have not been included in this commentary. Therefore, trends within these broad ethnic groups will be less comparable over a 5-year time series. A larger proportion of White defendants (24%) received representation at magistrates court compared to all other ethnic groups, with the lowest proportion at 16% for Asian defendants. pleasant grove high school / staff directory; dr omar suleiman wife esraa; ontario road trip summer; song baseball apple; waltham athletic club tennis schedule; ethnicity and crime statistics uk 2020. The total prison population in England and Wales was 79,000 on 30th June 2020, the lowest in 14 years. In 2020, the custody rate for possession of weapons offences was highest for Black and Mixed offenders at 38%, the custody rate for White offenders was 36%, and 29% for both Asian and Chinese or Other offenders. Many of these offences were dealt with in London by the Metropolitan police force, where greater levels of stop and search activity likely lead to increased arrests and subsequent charges for drug possession. The proportion of White, Black and Asian offenders that received an oral parole hearing in the year ending March 2021 remained relatively stable with a range of 54-57% receiving a release result, 11-12% remain in open prison estate, and 30-35% refusal of release. The largest proportionate change was seen in prosecutions of White defendants, decreasing from 79% of all prosecutions to 76% (resulting in a 1% proportionate increase across all ethnic minority groups). Some Sociologists have suggested that cultural differences, especially differences in family life, may be responsible for underlying differences in offending between ethnic groups. 327.21%. Judiciary: The proportion of White judges has fallen by 1.9 pp, between 2017 and 2021, driven mainly by an increase in the proportion of practitioners from Asian (1.5 pp) and Mixed (0.6 pp) ethnic groups[footnote 97]. The identification of differences should not be taken as evidence of bias or as direct effects of ethnicity. The 2001 Census ethnicity question included Mixed ethnicity; this made the question more acceptable and relevant, though one downside was that it made it hard to compare with 1991 Census results, for some groups. When ethnicity is self-reported, it is based on five broad categories: White, Black, Asian, Mixed and Chinese or Other. More detailed information on the reforms can be found at the following: SEND code of practice: 0 to 25 years. Search. Figure 8.01: Comparison of ACSL before and after controlling for offence mix, all indictable offences, 2020, England and Wales. In the three-year period from 2017/18 to 2019/20, the most frequent location for homicides with White or Asian victims was in and around the house (53% and 41%, respectively), whereas those with victims from Black or Other ethnic groups were more likely to take place on the street (including footpaths/alleyways; 60% and 48%, respectively). Due to the small population of children sentenced to immediate custody from Asian, Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups trends should be viewed with caution. , Senior roles are as follows: CPS - Senior Legal Manager and Senior Civil Servant; MoJ Senior Civil Servant; HMPPS - Senior Civil Servant; Police - Chief Inspector, Superintendent, Chief Superintendent, and Chief Officers; Judiciary High Court Judges, Heads of Division and Lord Justices of Appeal. In 2020, White defendants had the highest guilty plea rate for sexual offences, at 95%. From 2016 to 2019, the guilty plea rate remained relatively stable at between 88% and 89%. Unfortunately, we do not hold police recorded crime figures on robbery or offences involving a knife or sharp instrument, by ethnic group. White prisoners reported more positive relationships with staff, with 80% reporting feeling that they were treated with respect by staff, in comparison to 63% of prisoners from Mixed ethnic groups. In 2020, Asian offenders had the longest ACSL for drug offences, at 46.2 months. Office for National Statistics (UK), Number of homicides in England and Wales from 2009/10 to 2020/21 ethnic appearance of victim . For indictable offences, ethnic minority groups accounted for a higher proportion of male prosecutions and convictions compared to females. We also use cookies set by other sites to help us deliver content from their services. Arrests for Asian, Mixed and Other ethnicity children declined 24% to 25%. These data are based on the ONS headcount specification and may differ from other published figures due to differing specifications. This was largely because people from these ethnic groups made up a disproportionate share of people arrested, and this carried through to the . In 2020, a higher proportion of prosecutions of Black and Mixed defendants were against children, 12% and 14% respectively, compared to 5% of White defendants[footnote 63]. Crime rate in England and Wales 2021/22, by police force area . It covers statistics on stop and searches and arrests, which are published by the Home Office in the Police powers and procedures: Stop and search and arrests, England and Wales, year ending 31 March 2021[footnote 20]. Limitations of Current Statistical Information The police in all States and Terri-tories are a major source of crime statistics, but these statistics refer only to crimes reported to and/or detected by police. Other sources in this chapter include Criminal Courts Statistics and Legal Aid Statistics. Over the past five years, concordance rates[footnote 40] for immediate custodial sentences across all ethnic groups (excluding Missing/Not Stated) increased from 73% in 2016 to 90% in 2018, followed by a small decrease to 87% in 2020. , All groups defined by officer-identified ethnicity classification see Appendix I. This overall increase in guilty plea rates of defendants dealt with in the latest year is due to restrictions courts faced on progressing jury trials (not-guilty pleas) as a result of the response to COVID-19. It is considered a more useful concept than race. Sharp and Budd (2005) noted that the 2003 offending, crime and justice survey of 12,000 people found that whites and mixed ethnicity were more . The largest proportionate decrease was seen in the White and Black ethnic groups (-18% and -17% respectively). , Self-declared from HR records reported table 3_1_JO_Appt in the Judicial Diversity Statistics, 2021 publication, the quoted figure covers all court judges; Judicial Diversity Statistics 2017. This chapter explores the nature, extent and risks of victims, in relation to ethnicity, from the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) year ending March 2020 and the Home Office Homicide Index[footnote 8]. In 2020, Black and Mixed ethnic groups were particularly overrepresented in the proportion of prosecutions for possession of weapons offences, this has remained largely unchanged from 2016. When conducting a stop and search, police record the reason for the stop and search as well as the ethnicity of the person searched[footnote 25]. When a suspect is formally charged, they are brought before a magistrates court (as a defendant) as soon as possible. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. See police activity chapter for more information on stop and searches. * Possession (Class B, excluding cannabis) In 2020, the ethnic group with the highest concordance rate with their PSR for immediate custodial sentences was the Mixed ethnic group, at 89%; this has remained consistent since 2018. In 2020, 79% of crime higher legal aid workload was for White clients, with 10% for Black, 8% for Asian, and 3% for Mixed clients. Where young offenders received a custodial sentence, the proportion of White offenders persistently absent was significantly higher than the proportion of Black offenders, both for custody for 12 months or less (by 7pp) and for more than 12 months (by 11pp). Violent Crimes / 100k People. Despite the large decrease in both prosecutions and convictions over the past 5 years, proportions across ethnic groups have remained stable. Between 2016 and 2020, the proportion of defendants remanded in custody at Crown Court has increased for all ethnic groups and the proportion remanded has remained highest for Chinese or Other, Black and Mixed defendants. This was driven by the overrepresentation of Black individuals in the proportion of stop and searches; 17% of all stop and searches were of Black individuals. The statistics reported in this bulletin are primarily National Statistics[footnote 7], as drawn from either other published National Statistics bulletins or the data underpinning them. Despite this, only 49% of prisoners from Mixed ethnic groups felt that they had been kept safe from the virus, in comparison to 65% of White prisoners. The latest trends are mostly reflective of the impact of the pandemic on court processes and prioritisation rather than a continuation of the longer-term series. Black prisoners served the greatest proportion of their original sentence in custody. In 2020, White offenders had an ACSL of 19.6 months in comparison with 26.8 for Black offenders, 28.6 for Asian offenders, and 24.4 for offenders of Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups. In line with previous years, Black defendants continued to serve a greater proportion of their original determinate sentence in custody (67% in 2020) when compared with Mixed (66%) White (60%), Asian (58%) and prisoners from Other ethnic groups (58%). In 2020/21, 43% of all stop and searches (where ethnicity is known) were conducted in London and involved higher proportions of persons searched from minority ethnic groups when compared to the rest of England and Wales (Figure 4.02). Over the last 5 years, there has been a decrease in the proportion of stop and searches conducted on Black individuals in London, from 36% in 2016/17 to 32% in 2020/21. The total number of stop and searches, where ethnicity was known, increased between 2017/18 (266,000) and 2020/21 (557,000). The ethnic group question from the 2001 Census. Individuals from the Black ethnic group also had the lowest proportion of suspended sentences, at 14% in 2020. , The HMI Prisons section refers to race rather than ethnicity as this was the term used in the survey. The ACSL for sexual offences varied by ethnic group. Individuals from the Black ethnic group were proportionally less likely to be sentenced to immediate custody in 2020. This was largely consistent across all disposal types and all three measures of attainment; however, caution should be taken when breaking down proportion achieving 5 or more GCSEs A*-C by disposal type due to the small population[footnote 72]. In 2020, 1% of children had long criminal histories, this was similar across all ethnic groups. It is important to note when looking at more detailed offences that the Chinese or Other ethnic group accounted for only 2% of all prosecutions and convictions in 2020, therefore small changes in offending can lead to artificially high apparent increases/decreases in associated rates and percentages. RRI analysis showed that White defendants were more likely than all other ethnic groups to plead guilty at Crown Court. Figure 4.03: Arrests in England and Wales by ethnicity, 2016/17 to 2020/21[footnote 35]. By ethnicity and socio-economic group. , Arrests analysis excludes Lancashire as they could not supply complete data for 2017/18. Data on prosecutions and convictions by ethnicity is collected by the Home Office and published by the Ministry of Justice. Arrest rate in England and Wales 2006-2022, by ethnicity. Figure 5.03: Proportions of remand status by ethnic groups at Crown Court, 2020, England and Wales. Unrounded figures can be found in the accompanying spreadsheet tables and published source data. Over the past 5 years, the most common sentence given for indictable offences across all ethnic groups was immediate custody, accounting for 35% of all offenders sentenced in 2020 (where ethnicity is known). Figure 3.02: Homicides currently recorded by location of homicide and ethnic appearance of victim: England and Wales, combined data for 2017/18 to 2019/20. Fast Forward to the 21st century, and the criminological debate about race and crime now centred on the involvement of Black young people in street gangs. CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk. This chapter explores police activity by ethnicity of persons stopped and searched and/or arrested. A higher proportion of prosecutions for Black and Mixed ethnic groups were against children, 12% and 14% respectively, compared to 5% for White defendants. Reasons for searches that resulted in arrest[footnote 28]. Therefore, users should be careful when comparing cohort 2015/16 and earlier to subsequent annual figures. These decreases are mainly due to court restrictions as a result of COVID-19^59]. In 2020, where ethnicity was known, the number of requirements started under community orders fell to 72,400[footnote 58]; a decrease of 33% since 2018. This is the latest . Guilty plea for all other ethnic groups ranged between 89% and 92% in 2020. This chapter looks at the interaction between ethnicity, sex, age, offending history, and reoffending throughout the Criminal Justice System[footnote 62]. A pupil may be excluded for one or more suspensions up to a maximum of 45 school days in a single academic year. The arrest statistics have remained stable over time, with 77% of arrests being made of white people, 10% black and 7% Asian in 2018. This is the largest decrease in the proportion of White practitioners of all the CJS organisations. Crime lower work is carried out by legal aid providers at police stations, in magistrates courts and prison. The following offence groups will be of particular focus: As noted in the introduction, comparisons across ethnic groups do not account for previous offending history, detailed offence mix and other offender characteristics and that should be considered when interpreting results in this section. Similarly, prisoners of Mixed ethnic groups made up 12% of all prisoners under 18, yet only accounting for 5% of the entire prison population. The proportion of Black and Asian young offenders, sentenced to custody, achieving any pass at GCSE or 5 GCSEs A*-G was significantly higher than the proportion of White young offenders. Five-year trends have been presented wherever possible. In 2020/21, 20% of all arrests (where ethnicity is known) were made in London[footnote 34]. Within ethnic groups, Black defendants had the largest proportion of prosecutions for this offence in each of the past 5 years. The lowest proportion of male homicides was in the White ethnic group (65%). 1. Police officers: The proportion of White practitioners is highest for police officers of all the CJS organisations at 92.4%[footnote 94]. Figure 3.01: Percentage of adults who reported as victims of a CSEW personal crime by ethnic group, England and Wales 2015/16 and 2019/20[footnote 12]. In 2020, Asian offenders had the longest ACSL for drug offences, at 46.2 months, the Chinese or Other group had the shortest (31.8 months), while all other ethnic groups ranged from 38.0 to 39.8 months. , Self-declared from HR records reported table 3_5_JO_Magistrates Judicial Diversity Statistics, 2021 publication, the quoted figure covers all court judges; Judicial Diversity Statistics 2017. 428 434-6 448-20. So 61% of the population is committing 58% of the violent crimes, so the math lines up. ACSL was consistently lower for White defendants from 2016 to 2020, at 19.6 months in 2020, compared to 28.6 for Asian defendants (46% longer), 26.8 for Black defendants (37% longer), and 24.4 for both defendants of Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnicity groups (25% longer). The matched cohort data also provided information on the proportion of those sentenced/cautioned that have a history of being persistently absent from school, have a previous record of being permanently excluded from school, or have received a suspension, at any point during KS4. In most instances data are presented in terms of calendar years (up to 2020) and financial years (up to 2019/20), reflecting the reporting cycles and data collection of the agencies contributing information for this publication. The greatest increase in custody rate was seen in the White ethnic group, increasing from 29% to 35%, and Mixed ethnic groups (28% to 35%)[footnote 43]. Asian and Chinese or Other[footnote 65] offenders had a higher proportion of first-time offenders at 23% and 35% respectively, compared to White and Black offenders at 16% and 14% respectively[footnote 66]. A 21% decrease was seen in requirements started under suspended sentence orders. The lower ACSL for White defendants may be a result of a higher percentage of guilty plea rates for this ethnic group, resulting in shorter custodial sentences. Data Access and Compliance Unit. As such, analysis which relies on the 2011 Census data has not been included. In 2020/21, three quarters (77%) of stop and searches resulted in the principal outcome no further action[footnote 31]. A larger proportion of arrests in London were for suspects from minority ethnic groups, at 55%, compared to 16% across the rest of England and Wales. A greater number of children in prison were from minority ethnic groups. Similarly, just over half (53%) of adults arrested in London were from minority ethnic groups, compared to 15% of adults arrested in the rest of England and Wales. This is an increase of 5 pp since 2019; a difference likely due to the prioritisation of non-jury trials as a result of COVID-19 restrictions . In Gilroy's view, ethnic minority crime can be seen as a form of political resistance against a racist society, and this resistance . A proven reoffence is defined as any offence committed in a one-year follow-up period that resulted in a court conviction, caution, reprimand or warning in this timeframe, or a further six-month waiting period to allow the offence to be proven in court[footnote 68]. , Chinese or other combines the following categories from the published criminal history pivot table for 2020 Q4; Chinese or Japanese or S E Asian, and Middle Eastern. Not all agencies provide ethnicity data; therefore, the race and ethnicity totals will not equal. , 2% of adults identified as intersex or did not disclose this information. Unfortunately, we do not hold data on offences . 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